SYLLABUS PAPER-I (U.P.BOARD)

CHEMISTRY  by  MANOJ SINGH

ORIENTAL STUDY CENTRE, 233/5-6, Shastri nagar, Kanpur, 9415153946.

PAPER-I    {GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY}

ATOMIC STRUCTURE:

Cathode rays and discovery of electron, characteristics of cathode rays and electron, Anode rays and discovery of proton, characteristics of anode rays, Discovery of Neutron, Rutherford’s experiment(Discovery of Nucleus), Rutherfords Atomic model, Limitations of Rutherfords atomic model, Plank’s quantum theory, Bohr’s Atomic model and its limitations, Sommerfeld’s model, Dual nature of electron(De Broglie’s Theory), Heisenberg’s Uncertainty principle, Modern Atomic model, Quantum numbers (Principle, Azimuthal, Magnetic & spin), Pauli’s exclusion principle, Aufau’s rule, (n+l) rule, Hund’s Rule, Electronic configuration of elements, Magnetic properties, Determination of position of elements in periodic Table.

NUCLEUS & RADIOACTIVITY

Structure and composition of nucleus, Nuclear forces(Messon theory), Mass defect(∆m), Binding energy, Binding energy per nucleon with graph and related numerical, Nuclear stability(N/P ratio), Isotopes, Isobars, Isotones, Modern concept of Atomic mass, Discovery of radioactivity, Radioactive rays and their types and characteristics, Theory of radioactive disintegration, Primary and secondary emission, Soddy Fajan and russel’s group displacement law, Rate of disintegration , Disintegration constant, Half Life, Average life, Relation between Half life, total time, initial quantity and final quantity, Radioactive equilibrium, Disintegration series, Artificial transmutation, Nuclear Fusion and Fission reactions, Atomic and Hydrogen Bomb, Nuclear reactor, Applications of Radioactivity, C-Dating, rock Dating.

PERIODIC TABLE

Mendeleev’s periodic law, and His Original periodic table,Advantages and demerits of Mendeleev’s original periodic table, Moseley’s Experiment, Modern periodic law and Mendeleev’s modern periodic table, Salient features and demerits, Diagonal relationship, Bridge elements, Normal elements, Long form of periodic table, s,p,d and f block elements, Periodicity and its causes, Affective Nuclear Charge (Z*)  Periodic Properties- At. Radius, Ionization energy, Electron Affinity, Electro-negativity, Electropositive character, Metallic and non metallic nature, Oxidizing and Reducing nature, Nature of Oxides, Oxy acids, Nature of Hydrides, Density, Melting and Boiling points,

CHEMICAL BONDING:

Octet rule, Reason for bond formation,Covalent Bond-  favorable conditions, characteristics, polar and non-polar bonds, properties of covalent compounds, Variable covalency, Electrovalent Bond- favorable conditions, characteristics of ionic bond, properties of electrovalent compounds, Fajan’s Rule, Coordinate bond, Comparision of Covalent, electrovalent and Coordinate compounds, Exceptions of Octet rule, Odd electron Bond, Dipole moment, Hydrogen Bonding, Valence Bond theory- Sigma (s) and Pi(p) bonds, characteristics and comparison, Hybridization, VSEPR Theory, Resonance, Formal charge.

OXIDATION REDUCTION

Oxidation number (Definition, Rules and numerical), Difference and valency and Ox. no., Oxidation, Reduction, Oxidising and reducing agents, Redox reaction and its type, Balencing of equations(Oxiadtion no. method and ion electron method).

electrochemistry

Electrolyte, Cell (definition and types), Electrode(anode, cathode), Electrode potential(Definition and origin), Electrochemical cell, SHE(Standard Hydrogen Electrode), EMF of Cell and reaction, representation of cell, Nernst Equation, ECS and its applications.

Gaseous State

Boyle’s law, Charls’ law, Pressure-temperature law, Ideal gas equation, Dalton’s law of partial pressure, Graham’s law of diffusion.

hydrogen & its compounds

Position of H in periodic table, Similarities with Alkali metals and Halogens, Isotopes of Hydrogen, Ortho and Para Hydrogen, Deuterium, Heavy water(D₂O) (Manufacturing and Uses), Exchange reaction of D₂O, Determination of Basicity of Acids, Isotopic effect (Effect of D₂O on Bio-chemical reactions), Hydrogen peroxide- manufacturing, purification (vacuum-Distillation), Chemical properties (Oxidising nature, reducing nature, Bleaching action,) Structure of H₂O₂ molecule, Concentration of H₂O₂ solution – Volume and percentage.

Alkali metals & their compounds

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)- Manufacture- Nelson’s Cell, Caster-Kellner cell, Solvay-Kellner cell, Chemical properties, Sodium Carbonate  (Na₂CO₃)-Le Blanc’s process, Solvay-Ammonia process, Microcosmic Salt-[Na(NH₄)HPO₄].4H₂O,

Hypo-(Sodium Thiosulphate) Na₂S₂O₃.5H₂O,     

Alkaline earth metals

&

 their compounds

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Plaster of Paris(CaSO₄.½H₂O), Portland Cement,

Boron family

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Aluminium (manufacture/metallurgy), chemical properties of Al, Anhydrous Aluminium Chloride(Al₂Cl₆), Potash Alum (K₂SO₄.Al₂(SO₄)₃.24H₂O),

Borax (Na₂B₄O₇.10H₂O)

carbon family

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Allotrops of carbon, Difference between Graphite and Diamond, Difference between properties of  Carbon and silicon, White Lead(Basic lead carbonate)-2PbCO₃.Pb(OH)₂,

Glass (Production, annealing, Types)

Fuel Gases- water gas, producer gas, oil gas, coal gas.

Nitrogen family

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Ammonia (NH₃)-Haber’s process, chemical properties, Nitrous Acid, Nitric Acid (HNO₃)- Birkeland-Eyde process, Ostwald’s process, Chemical properties,  Allotrops of phosphorus, Manufacturing of White Phosphorus- Retort Process, Electro-thermal process(modern), Phosphine(PH₃), Fertilizers- Nitrogenous Fertilizer-(Amm. Sulphate, Urea, Cal. Cyanamide, Amm. Nitrate, Cal. Amm. Nitrate-CAN), Phosphatic Fertilizers- (Cal. super Phosphate, Triple super Phosphate of Lime), NPK.

Oxygen family

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, OZone-(O₃)- Preparation- Siemen’s, Brodie’s & Siemen-Halske’s ozoniser method, chemical properties and Uses, Structure of Ozone, SULPHURIC ACID-(H₂SO₄)- Lead chamber method, Contact process, Concentration- Cascade method & Gaillard method, Chemical properties.

Halogen family

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Chlorine- methods of Preparation- lab method, Deacon’s process, chemical properties, Bromine-methods of Preparation- From carnallite, from sea water, chemical properties, iodine-methods of Preparation- Lab method, from sea weeds, from caliche, chemical properties, Bleaching Powder- Hasenclever process, Backmann’s process, chemical properties, Available chlorine.

noble or inert gases

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Isolation and Discoveries, Uses, Xenon compounds.

transition elements

Position in periodic table, General characteristics, Cuprous chloride (Cu₂Cl₂), Silver Nitrate (Lunar Caustic)- AgNO₃, Zinc Oxide (philospher’s wool)-ZnO, Mercurous chloride(Calomel)-Hg₂Cl₂, Mercuric Chloride(Corrosive sublimate)-HgCl₂.

general metallurgy

Crushing of Ore ,

Concentration of Ore-

Hand picking, Gravity separation method, Froth flotation method

Magnetic separation method

Calcination of Ore

Roasting of Ore

Reduction of Ore into Metal

        Smelting , Auto Reduction,              Cyanidation 

                or  Hydrometallurgy

                or  Complex formation method

                or Ion exchange method

        Alumino Thermic method,               Electrlysis

Purification of Metals.